Cancelled, unfilled orders are pruned hourly by the engine for performance optimisation purposes which is why they don't show up in your Order History.
Specifically, terminated orders will be pruned if they satisfy the following conditions:
- not an activated/triggered stop order
- cumQty = 0
- not submitted via bitmex web UI
You should still be able to find the cancelled/rejected order through GET /order with filter {"ordStatus": ["Canceled","Rejected"]}.